《语言类型学》作者在大量不同语言的资料和例证的基础上，对语言类型学作了全新和深入的介绍。《语言类型学》的特色是着重对此领域中的主要问题，如基本语序、格标记、关系从句、致使构式等进行了具体而详细的研究，通过具体案例研究，揭示了如何发现和解释语言类型的系统模式，以及这些模式所受的限制。另外，《语言类型学》还讨论了一些实用的问题和方法，如语料的采集和语言样本的制作，最后《语言类型学》探讨了语言类型学在历时语言学、语言习得等其他领域中的应用问题。 对于研究兴趣在语言类型和语言共性、语言比较、历时语言学、语言习得、语言认知等领域的读者而言，《语言类型学》都是一部有价值的著作。 ------- 目录 给中国读者的前言 Preface 导读 Abbreviario掰 Acknowledgements 1 Introducing linguistic typology 1.1 What do linguistic typologists study? 1.2 Typological analysis 13 Typology of language universals 1.4 Language universals and linguistic typology 1.5 Assumptions and problems in typological analysis 1.5.1 Cross-linguistic comparability 1.5.2 The Principle of Uniformitarianism 1.5.3 Approaches to language sampling 1.5.4 Determining language sample sizes 1.5.5 Problems with data 1.6 Partial typology VS.holistic typology 1.7 Organization ofthe rest ofthe book 2 Basic WOrd Order 2.1What is basic word order? 2.2 Early research on basic word order 2.2.1 The inception of word order typology 2.2.2 The OV-VO typology 2.2.3 Making language universals exceptionless 2.3 Explaining the distribution of the basic clausal word orders 2.4 Back to the OV-VO typology：the Branching Direction Theory 2.5 Seeking a global explanation：the Early Immediate Constituents Theory 2.6 From word order to morpheme order：the suffixing preference 2.7 Closing remarks 3 Case marking 3.1 Introduction 3.2 AS and P, and types of case marking 3.2.1 Nominative-accusative system 3.2.2 Ergative-absolutive system 3.2.3 Tripartite system 3.2.4 AP/S system 3.2.5 Neutral system 3.3 More types of case marking 3.3.1 Split-ergative system 3.3.2 Active-stative system 3.3.3 Direct-inverse system 3.4 Distribution of the case marking systems 3.5 The discriminatory view of case marking 3.6 The indexing view of case marking 3.7 The discriminatory view vs. the indexing view 3.8 The Nominal Hierarchy and the split-ergative system 3.9 Towards a unified explanation: attention flow and viewpoint 3.10 Ergativity from discourse to grammar 3.11 Case marking in altered or non-basic constructions 3.11.1 Passive 3.11.2 Antipassive 3.11.3 Noun incorporation 3.11.4 Advancement of obliques to P 3.12 Syntactic ergativity 3.13 Head marking vs. dependent marking 3.14 Case marking type and word order type 4 Relative clauses 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The position of the head noun vis-a-vis the restricting clause 4.3 Expression of the head noun 4.3.1 The obliteration strategy 4.3.2 The pronoun-retention strategy 4.3.3 The relative-pronoun strategy 4.3.4 Language-internal distribution of the relativization strategies 4.4 Accessibility Hierarchy: accessibility to relativization 4.5 Conspiracy in relativization 4.6 Correlations between RC-related properties 4.7 The head noun in the main clause 4.8 Subject primacy vs. discourse preferences