Thesectionsforeachorgansystembeginwithachapterthatsummarizesanapproachtopatientswithkeysymptoms，signs，orlaboratoryabnormali-tiesassociatedwithdysfunctionofthatorgansystem.AssummarizedinTable1-1，thetextspeaficallyprovidesclear，conciseinformationregardinghowaphysicianshouldapproachmorethan100commonsymptoms，signs，andlaboratoryabnormalities，usuallywithaflowdiagram，atable，orbothforeasyreference.lnthisway，Cecdremainsacomprehensivetexttoguidediag-nosisandtherapy，notonlyforpatientswithsuspectedorknowndiseasesbutalsoforpatientswhomayhaveundiagnosedabnormalitiesthatrequireaninihalevaluation.